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Date: Tue, 24 Aug 2021 05:31:56 -0700
From: "Memory Loss" <MemoryLoss@exhalex.us>
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Subject:  ***SPAM***  Alzheimer’s Quiz: Which Exotic Spice Is Better For Your Memory?

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A new study released by University of Leeds shows how certain spices contain a powerful compound that stops memory loss…

Improving the brain capacity of over 74,750 people from all over the world.

But which one is it?

Amber
    Brahmi
    Qian Ceng Ta
http://www.exhalex.us/4455-25-2116-55381022/jaisone/tindex7.html
Did you make your choice?

See if you were right...

Click Here To Find Out Which Spice Is Better For Your Memory (And The Weird Reason Why)
http://www.exhalex.us/4455-25-2116-55381022/jaisone/tindex8.html

http://www.exhalex.us/4455-25-2116-55381022/jaisone/rindex9.html

ppression of reproduction by dominant individuals is the most common mechanism that maintains the hierarchy. In eusocial mammals this is mainly achieved by aggressive interactions between the potential reproductive females. In eusocial insects, aggressive interactions between sexuals are common determinants of reproductive status, such as in the bumblebee Bombus bifarius,[34] the paper wasp Polistes annularis[35] and in the ants Dinoponera australis and D. quadriceps.[36] In general aggressive interactions are ritualistic and involve antennation (drumming), abdomen curling and very rarely mandible bouts and stinging. The winner of the interaction may walk over the subordinated, that in turn assumes a prostrated posture on the substrate. In order to be effective, these regulatory mechanisms must include traits that make an individual rank position readily recognizable by its nestmates. The composition of the lipid layer present on the cuticle of social insects is the clue used by nestmates to recognize each other in the colony, and to discover each insect's reproductive status (and therefore its rank).[37] Visual cues may also transmit the same information. Paper wasps Polistes dominulus have individulation of hormone levels after hibernation may be associated with dominance hierarchies in the social order of the paper wasp (Polistes dominulus).[44] This depends on the queen (or foundress), possibly involving specific hormones. Laboratory experiments have shown that when foundresses are injected with juvenile hormone (JH), responsible for regulating growth and development in insects including wasps, the foundresses exhibit an increase in dominance.[44] Further, foundresses with larger corpora allata, a region of the female wasp brain responsible for the synthesis and secretion of JH, are naturally more dominant.[44] A follow-up experiment utilized 20-hydroxyecdysone, an ecdysone known to enhance maturation and size of oocytes.[44] The size of the oocytes plays a significant role in establishing dominance in the paper wasp.[45] Foundresses treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone showed increased dominance compared to those treated with JH, so 20-hydroxyecdysone may play a larger role in establishing dominance (Roseler et al., 1984). Subsequent research however, suggdual "facial badges" that permit them to recognize each other and to identify the status of each individual. Individuals whose badges were modified by painting were aggressively treated by their nestmates, suggesting that advertising a false ranking status is a costly behavior, suppressed in these wasps.[38] Other behaviors are involved in maintaining reproductive status in social insects. The removal of a thoracic sclerite in Diacamma ants inhibits ovary development; the only reproductive individual of this naturally queenless genus is the one that retains its sclerite intact. This individual is called a gamergate, and is responsible for mutilating all the newly emerged females, to maintain its social status. Gamergates of Harpegnathos saltator arise from aggressive interactions, forming a hierarchy of potential reproductives.[39] In the honey bee Apis mellifera, pheromone produced by the queen mandibular glands is responsible for inhibiting ovary development in the worker caste.[40] "Worker policing" is an additional mechanism that prevents reproduction by workers, found in bees and ants. Policing may involve oophagy and immobilization of egg-layers from the worker caste.[41] In some ant species such as the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus, eggs from queens have a peculiar chemical profile that workers can distinguish from worker laid eggs. When worker-laid eggs are found, they are eaten.[42] In some species, such as Pachycond

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=09<title>Newsletter</title>
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<div style=3D"position:absolute;top:-1000px;left:-1000px;height:0px;width:0=
px;"><a href=3D"http://www.exhalex.us/trMLFOPXVMF/WPYNBPGDU/4455/3884/4914/=
122/55381022/index.htm" style=3D"border=3D0;"><div></div></a></div>
<center>&nbsp;
<div style=3D"border:2px solid #9BBCFF;width:590px;padding:5px;">
<div style=3D"border:2px solid #FF0000;width:575px;padding:5px;">
<div style=3D"font-size:15px;font-family:arial;width:540px;border:2px solid=
 #9BBCFF;text-align:left;padding:15px;">A new study released by University =
of Leeds shows how <a http://microsoft.com/**0drZpCmfJwjcNvm** href=3D"http=
://www.exhalex.us/4455-25-2116-55381022/jaisone/tindex1.html" style=3D"colo=
r:#6698FF;" rel=3D"sponsored" target=3D"blank"><b><u style=3D"text-decorati=
on: underline; text-decoration-color: #FF0000;">certain spices</u></b></a> =
contain a powerful compound that stops memory loss&hellip;<br />
<br />
Improving the brain capacity of over 74,750 people from all over the world.=
<br />
<br />
<b>But which one is it?</b>
<ul>
=09<li>Amber</li>
=09<li>Brahmi</li>
=09<li>Qian Ceng Ta</li>
</ul>
<b>Did you make your choice? </b><br />
<br />
See if you were right...<br />
<br /><br />

<a http://microsoft.com/**0drZpCmfJwjcNvm** href=3D"http://www.exhalex.us/4=
455-25-2116-55381022/jaisone/tindex2.html" style=3D"color:#6698FF;" rel=3D"=
sponsored" target=3D"blank"><b><u style=3D"text-decoration: underline; text=
-decoration-color: #FF0000;">Click Here To Find Out Which Spice Is Better F=
or Your Memory (And The Weird Reason Why)</u></b></a></div>
</div>
</div>
<br /><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<a http://microsoft.com/**0drZpCmfJwjcNvm** href=3D"http://www.exhalex.us/4=
455-25-2116-55381022/jaisone/rindex3.html" rel=3D"sponsored" target=3D"blan=
k"><img http://microsoft.com/**0drZpCmfJwjcNvm** src=3D"http://www.exhalex.=
us/4455-25-2116-55381022/i/img0252116387.jpg" /></a><br />
<span style=3D"color:#FFFFFF;font-size:5px;">ppression of reproduction by d=
ominant individuals is the most common mechanism that maintains the hierarc=
hy. In eusocial mammals this is mainly achieved by aggressive interactions =
between the potential reproductive females. In eusocial insects, aggressive=
 interactions between sexuals are common determinants of reproductive statu=
s, such as in the bumblebee Bombus bifarius,[34] the paper wasp Polistes an=
nularis[35] and in the ants Dinoponera australis and D. quadriceps.[36] In =
general aggressive interactions are ritualistic and involve antennation (dr=
umming), abdomen curling and very rarely mandible bouts and stinging. The w=
inner of the interaction may walk over the subordinated, that in turn assum=
es a prostrated posture on the substrate. In order to be effective, these r=
egulatory mechanisms must include traits that make an individual rank posit=
ion readily recognizable by its nestmates. The composition of the lipid lay=
er present on the cuticle of social insects is the clue used by nestmates t=
o recognize each other in the colony, and to discover each insect's reprodu=
ctive status (and therefore its rank).[37] Visual cues may also transmit th=
e same information. Paper wasps Polistes dominulus have individulation of h=
ormone levels after hibernation may be associated with dominance hierarchie=
s in the social order of the paper wasp (Polistes dominulus).[44] This depe=
nds on the queen (or foundress), possibly involving specific hormones. Labo=
ratory experiments have shown that when foundresses are injected with juven=
ile hormone (JH), responsible for regulating growth and development in inse=
cts including wasps, the foundresses exhibit an increase in dominance.[44] =
Further, foundresses with larger corpora allata, a region of the female was=
p brain responsible for the synthesis and secretion of JH, are naturally mo=
re dominant.[44] A follow-up experiment utilized 20-hydroxyecdysone, an ecd=
ysone known to enhance maturation and size of oocytes.[44] The size of the =
oocytes plays a significant role in establishing dominance in the paper was=
p.[45] Foundresses treated with 20-hydroxyecdysone showed increased dominan=
ce compared to those treated with JH, so 20-hydroxyecdysone may play a larg=
er role in establishing dominance (Roseler et al., 1984). Subsequent resear=
ch however, suggdual "facial badges" that permit them to recognize each oth=
er and to identify the status of each individual. Individuals whose badges =
were modified by painting were aggressively treated by their nestmates, sug=
gesting that advertising a false ranking status is a costly behavior, suppr=
essed in these wasps.[38]

Other behaviors are involved in maintaining reproductive status in social i=
nsects. The removal of a thoracic sclerite in Diacamma ants inhibits ovary =
development; the only reproductive individual of this naturally queenless g=
enus is the one that retains its sclerite intact. This individual is called=
 a gamergate, and is responsible for mutilating all the newly emerged femal=
es, to maintain its social status. Gamergates of Harpegnathos saltator aris=
e from aggressive interactions, forming a hierarchy of potential reproducti=
ves.[39]

In the honey bee Apis mellifera, pheromone produced by the queen mandibular=
 glands is responsible for inhibiting ovary development in the worker caste=
.[40] "Worker policing" is an additional mechanism that prevents reproducti=
on by workers, found in bees and ants. Policing may involve oophagy and imm=
obilization of egg-layers from the worker caste.[41] In some ant species su=
ch as the carpenter ant Camponotus floridanus, eggs from queens have a pecu=
liar chemical profile that workers can distinguish from worker laid eggs. W=
hen worker-laid eggs are found, they are eaten.[42] In some species, such a=
s Pachycond</span><br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br /><br /><a http://microsoft.com/**0drZpCmfJwjcNvm** href=3D"http://www.=
exhalex.us/4455-25-2116-55381022/jaisone/u.html" rel=3D"sponsored" target=
=3D"blank"><img http://microsoft.com/**0drZpCmfJwjcNvm** src=3D"http://www.=
exhalex.us/4455-25-2116-55381022/i/img1252116387.jpg" /></a>
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