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ding endemic species which occur in the same region to designate 'endemism hotspots' was first proposed by Paul Müller in a 1973 book. According to him, this is only possible where 1.) the taxonomy of the species in question is not in dispute; 2.) the species distribution is accurately known; and 3.) the species have relatively small distributional ranges.[35][36] In a 2000 article, Myers et al. used the standard of having more than 0.5% of the world's plant species being endemics of the region to designate 25 geographical areas of the world as 'biodiversity hotspots'.[33] Aplastodiscus arlidae, a species of frog which is endemic to Brazil. In response to the above, the World Wildlife fund has split the world into a few hundred geographical 'ecoregions'. These have been designed to include as many species as possible which only occur in a single ecoregion, and these species are thus 'endemics' to these ecoregions.[14] Since plenty of these ecoregions have a high prevalence of endemics existing within them, many National Parks have been formed around or within them to further promote conservation. The Caparaó National Park was formed in the Atlantic forest, a biodiversity hotspot located in Brazil, in order to help protect valuable and vulnerable species.[37] Other scientists have argued that endemism is not an appropriate measure of biodiversity, because the levels of threat or biodiversity are not actually correlated to areas of high endemism. When using bird species as an example, it was found that only 2.5% of biodiversity hotspots correlate with endemism and the threatened nature of a geographic region.[1][38] A similar pattern had been found before regarding mammals, Lasioglossum bees, Plusiinae moths, and swallowtail butterflies in North America: these different groups of taxa did not correlate geographically with each other regarding endemism and species richness. Especially using mammals as flagship species proved to be a poor system of identifying and protecting areas of high invertebrate biodiversity.[39] In response to this, other scientists again defended the concept by using WWF ecoregions and reptiles, finding that most reptile endemics occur in WWF ecoregions with high biodiversity.[34] Other conservation efforts for endemics include keeping captive and semi-captive populations in zoological parks and botanical gardens. These methods are ex situ ("off site") conservation methods. The use of such methods may not only offer refuge and protection for individuals of declining or vulnerable populations, but it may also allow biologists valuable opportunities to research the

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In a 2000 article, Myers et al. used the standard of having more than 0.5% =
of the world's plant species being endemics of the region to designate 25 g=
eographical areas of the world as 'biodiversity hotspots'.[33]
Aplastodiscus arlidae, a species of frog which is endemic to Brazil.

In response to the above, the World Wildlife fund has split the world into =
a few hundred geographical 'ecoregions'. These have been designed to includ=
e as many species as possible which only occur in a single ecoregion, and t=
hese species are thus 'endemics' to these ecoregions.[14] Since plenty of t=
hese ecoregions have a high prevalence of endemics existing within them, ma=
ny National Parks have been formed around or within them to further promote=
 conservation. The Capara=C3=B3 National Park was formed in the Atlantic fo=
rest, a biodiversity hotspot located in Brazil, in order to help protect va=
luable and vulnerable species.[37]

Other scientists have argued that endemism is not an appropriate measure of=
 biodiversity, because the levels of threat or biodiversity are not actuall=
y correlated to areas of high endemism. When using bird species as an examp=
le, it was found that only 2.5% of biodiversity hotspots correlate with end=
emism and the threatened nature of a geographic region.[1][38] A similar pa=
ttern had been found before regarding mammals, Lasioglossum bees, Plusiinae=
 moths, and swallowtail butterflies in North America: these different group=
s of taxa did not correlate geographically with each other regarding endemi=
sm and species richness. Especially using mammals as flagship species prove=
d to be a poor system of identifying and protecting areas of high invertebr=
ate biodiversity.[39] In response to this, other scientists again defended =
the concept by using WWF ecoregions and reptiles, finding that most reptile=
 endemics occur in WWF ecoregions with high biodiversity.[34]

Other conservation efforts for endemics include keeping captive and semi-ca=
ptive populations in zoological parks and botanical gardens. These methods =
are ex situ ("off site") conservation methods. The use of such methods may =
not only offer refuge and protection for individuals of declining or vulner=
able populations, but it may also allow biologists valuable opportunities t=
o research the</div>
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