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Please click below for a complimentary copy of USA TODAY BEST YEARS
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mplete leaf of an angiosperm consists of a petiole (leaf stalk), a lamina (leaf blade), stipules (small structures located to either side of the base of the petiole) and a sheath. Not every species produces leaves with all of these structural components. The proximal stalk or petiole is called a stipe in ferns. The lamina is the expanded, flat component of the leaf which contains the chloroplasts. The sheath is a structure, typically at the base that fully or partially clasps the stem above the node, where the latter is attached. Leaf sheathes typically occur in grasses and Apiaceae (umbellifers). Between the sheath and the lamina, there may be a pseudopetiole, a petiole like structure. Pseudopetioles occur in some monocotyledons including bananas, palms and bamboos.[18] Stipules may be conspicuous (e.g. beans and roses), soon falling or otherwise not obvious as in Moraceae or absent altogether as in the Magnoliaceae. A petiole may be absent (apetiolate), or the blade may not be laminar (flattened). The tremendous variety shown in leaf structure (anatomy) from species to species is presented in detail below under morphology. The petiole mechanically links the leaf to the plant and provides the route for transfer of water and sugars to and from the leaf. The lamina is typically the location of the majority of photosynthesis. The upper (adaxial) angle between a leaf and a stem is known as the axil of the leaf. It is often the location of a bud. Structures located there are called "axillary". External leaf characteristics, such as shape, margin, hairs, the petiole, and the presence of stipules and glands, are frequently important for identifying plants to family, genus or species levels, and botanists have developed a rich terminology for describing leaf characteristics. Leaves almost always have determinate growth. They grow to a specific pattern and shape and then stop. Other plant parts like stems or roots have non-determinate growth, and will usually continue to grow as long as they have the resources to do so. The type of leaf is usually characteristic of a species (monomorphic), although some species produce more than one type of leaf (dimorphic or polymorphic). The longest leaves are those of the Raffia palm, R. regalis which may be up to 25 m (82 ft) long and 3 m (9.8 ft) wide.[19] The terminology associated with the description of leaf morph
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<p style=3D"color:#FFFFFF; font-size:2px;">mplete leaf of an angiosperm con=
sists of a petiole (leaf stalk), a lamina (leaf blade), stipules (small str=
uctures located to either side of the base of the petiole) and a sheath. No=
t every species produces leaves with all of these structural components. Th=
e proximal stalk or petiole is called a stipe in ferns. The lamina is the e=
xpanded, flat component of the leaf which contains the chloroplasts. The sh=
eath is a structure, typically at the base that fully or partially clasps t=
he stem above the node, where the latter is attached. Leaf sheathes typical=
ly occur in grasses and Apiaceae (umbellifers). Between the sheath and the =
lamina, there may be a pseudopetiole, a petiole like structure. Pseudopetio=
les occur in some monocotyledons including bananas, palms and bamboos.[18] =
Stipules may be conspicuous (e.g. beans and roses), soon falling or otherwi=
se not obvious as in Moraceae or absent altogether as in the Magnoliaceae. =
A petiole may be absent (apetiolate), or the blade may not be laminar (flat=
tened). The tremendous variety shown in leaf structure (anatomy) from speci=
es to species is presented in detail below under morphology. The petiole me=
chanically links the leaf to the plant and provides the route for transfer =
of water and sugars to and from the leaf. The lamina is typically the locat=
ion of the majority of photosynthesis. The upper (adaxial) angle between a =
leaf and a stem is known as the axil of the leaf. It is often the location =
of a bud. Structures located there are called "axillary".

External leaf characteristics, such as shape, margin, hairs, the petiole, a=
nd the presence of stipules and glands, are frequently important for identi=
fying plants to family, genus or species levels, and botanists have develop=
ed a rich terminology for describing leaf characteristics. Leaves almost al=
ways have determinate growth. They grow to a specific pattern and shape and=
 then stop. Other plant parts like stems or roots have non-determinate grow=
th, and will usually continue to grow as long as they have the resources to=
 do so.

The type of leaf is usually characteristic of a species (monomorphic), alth=
ough some species produce more than one type of leaf (dimorphic or polymorp=
hic). The longest leaves are those of the Raffia palm, R. regalis which may=
 be up to 25 m (82 ft) long and 3 m (9.8 ft) wide.[19] The terminology asso=
ciated with the description of leaf morph
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